New Jersey has enacted new, stringent regulations for electric bicycles, mandating that all e-bike operators possess a valid license, register their vehicles with the state's Motor Vehicle Commission, and carry these documents while riding. Governor Phil Murphy signed this legislation into law on January 19, 2026, establishing some of the nation's most rigorous oversight for electric two-wheeled vehicles. The law streamlines the existing three e-bike categories into two primary classes, with an additional classification for high-performance models, signifying a major shift in how these popular conveyances are governed within the state.
The updated framework now recognizes two main types of e-bikes: low-speed electric bicycles and motorized bicycles. Low-speed electric bicycles, mirroring Class 1 e-bikes, are defined as pedal-assist vehicles that cease motor assistance at 20 mph. Motorized bicycles encompass a broader range, including Class 2 and Class 3 e-bikes, with varying motor capabilities and throttle options, reaching speeds up to 28 mph. A novel third category, the "electric motorized bicycle," has been introduced for high-powered models exceeding 750 watts and speeds greater than 28 mph, classifying them closer to motorcycles due to their performance capabilities. Riders of low-speed electric bicycles must now pay an annual $15 registration fee and hold a driver's license, with specific age requirements for different license types. Motorized bicycles face even stricter rules, requiring liability insurance in addition to licensing and registration. All electric bikes are prohibited from interstates and roads with speed limits above 50 mph. The most potent "electric motorized bicycles" are now effectively barred from public roads, requiring motorcycle licenses and registration, which is nearly impossible to obtain due to their non-compliance with Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standards, signifying a clear intent to curtail their operation.
These legislative changes were prompted by a series of fatal accidents involving e-bikes in New Jersey. Governor Murphy emphasized the need for updated regulations to enhance road safety for all users, citing the increasing prevalence and power of e-bikes as a contributing factor to heightened risks for operators, motorists, and pedestrians. Advocacy groups like People For Bikes (PFB) have voiced opposition to certain aspects of the bill, arguing that it unfairly conflates high-powered e-motos with traditional e-bikes and imposes unreasonable burdens on recreational riders and those who rely on e-bikes for transportation. PFB is actively working to revise the law to focus regulatory efforts specifically on high-speed electric mopeds and dirt bikes, which they identify as the true source of safety concerns. The new requirements also significantly impact e-mountain bikers, who must now register their Class 1 eMTBs and carry documentation, with non-residents also potentially needing to register their bikes, creating a unique challenge given New Jersey is the first state to mandate such extensive e-bike registration.
This comprehensive regulatory overhaul in New Jersey represents a proactive step towards ensuring public safety in the evolving landscape of personal transportation. While potentially posing initial challenges for current e-bike users, these measures underscore a commitment to responsible innovation and harmonious coexistence among various road and trail users. By establishing clear classifications and stringent requirements, the state aims to foster an environment where technology serves to enhance mobility without compromising the well-being of its citizens. The ongoing dialogue between policymakers and advocacy groups highlights the dynamic nature of such legislation, promising continued adaptation to balance safety with accessibility and convenience.